視頻加載中...
Hi, I'm Oli. Welcome to Oxford online English!
嗨，我是奧利。歡迎使用牛津大學在線英語課程！
In this lesson, you can learn how to improve your vocabulary score in IELTS writing.
在本課中，你將學習如何提升你在雅思寫作中的詞匯分數。
Do you need an IELTS score of seven or higher?
你是否需要雅思成績達到7分或更高？
Many people find it difficult to get scores above band six or 6. 5. Often, this is because people have bad habits or they don't clearly understand how the IELTS exam works.
許多人發現很難拿到六或者是六點五分。通常是因為人們有不良習慣，或他們不清楚雅思考試到底是怎么一回事。
If you're preparing for IELTS, check out our website: Oxford online English. com. We have many free video and audio lessons, as well as many professional teachers who can help you prepare for your IELTS exam.
如果你正在準備雅思考試的話，請查看我們的網站：Oxford online English.com。我們有許多免費的視頻和音頻課程，以及許多專業老師可以幫助你為雅思考試做準備。
In this lesson, you'll see some common mistakes which IELTS students make which can hurt your vocabulary score.
在本節課程中，你會看到一些準備雅思的學生常見的會影響詞匯方面分數的錯誤。
You'll also see how you can change your approach to the IELTS writing exam to get a better score for vocabulary.
你還將看到如何改變自己的雅思寫作考試方法，來得到更高的詞匯分數。
Before we start, I really, really recommend you read the official IELTS score scheme from the British Council, and see what it says about vocabulary.
在開始之前，我真的、真的非常建議你閱讀一下官方的雅思考試打分標準，看看它在詞匯方面是怎么說的。
There's a link underneath the video.
視頻下方有一個鏈接。
There's a lot of confusion and bad advice about IELTS, but actually, the score scheme is quite simple.
這里有很多關于雅思的困惑和不好的建議，但是實際上打分標準是非常簡單的。
Let's start with the most important point.
讓我們從最重要的一點開始。
There's one really big mistake which many IELTS students make with vocabulary: they put words before ideas.
很多雅思學生在詞匯方面都會犯一個很大的錯誤：他們把詞匯的重要性擺在了內容的前面。
There are many videos and websites which promise to teach you "100 essential IELTS words", or "300 words for band 8", or whatever.
有很多視頻和網站承諾教你“100個雅思必備詞匯”，或“八分的300個單詞”等等的。
So, maybe you watch these videos, and you read these vocabulary lists, and you try to learn them.
也許你觀看了這些視頻，你看了這些詞匯表，你試著去學習它們。
Then, you use the words and phrases in your IELTS writing.
然后，你會在自己的雅思寫作中使用這樣單詞和詞組。
Sounds normal, right?
聽起來很正常，對吧？
What's the problem?
有什么問題嗎？
The problem is that natural communication doesn't work like that.
問題是自然的交流并不是這樣的。
You don't learn a word and think, "I'm going to use this word in this conversation." IELTS is a test of your communication skills in English.
你并不是學了一個詞然后想：“我要在這次對話中使用這個詞。”雅思考試是對你英語溝通技巧的測試。
Of course, you need a good vocabulary to communicate, but communication depends primarily on ideas, not words.
當然，你需要良好的詞匯量進行交流，但交流主要取決于想法，而不是詞匯。
Words express your ideas.
詞匯是用來表達你的想法的。
Using a word or a phrase without an idea behind it is empty; it's meaningless.
使用沒有任何想法的單詞或短語是很空洞的，是很沒有意義的。
So, what can you do here?
那么，你能做什么呢？
First, spend more time thinking and planning before you write, even in the exam.
首先，在寫作之前，甚至是在考試中，都要花更多時間思考和計劃。
Yes, I know you're under a lot of time pressure, but you need this.
是的，我知道你有時間壓力，但是你需要如此。
If you don't have a clear idea in your head, you can't write a clear answer.
如果你的腦子里沒有清晰的想法的話，你就無法給出明確的答案。
Secondly, instead of learning lists of vocabulary that you might not need, just learn the words, phrases and collocations you need to express your ideas.
其次，不去學習你不需要的詞匯，只去學習那些表達想法的時候需要用到的詞匯、短語和固定表達。
Practice writing regularly, and learn vocabulary by learning the words and phrases you need when you need them.
定期練習寫作，通過學習那些你需要的單詞和表達來提升詞匯能力。
However, this isn't a practical point; it's about how you think.
但是，這是不切實際的；這只是你的想法。
If you think words come before ideas, you'll struggle with IELTS writing, especially task two.
如果你認為單詞優先于想法，那么你在雅思考試中非常掙扎，尤其是任務二。
You need to put ideas first, words second.
你需要將想法放在首位，將詞匯放在第二位。
In my experience, IELTS students are terrified of repeating the same words and phrases in their writing.
以我的經驗，雅思學生很害怕在寫作中重復相同的單詞和短語。
I made some videos where I wrote sample IELTS answers, and a lot of comments said things like, "You used the same word three times!
我拍了一些視頻，在這些視頻中，我寫了一些雅思考試答案范本，很多評論都說：“你相同的單詞使用了3次！
You suck!
你太差了！
We hate you!" Okay, maybe they didn't exactly say that; I'm paraphrasing.
我們討厭你！”好吧，也許他們并不是這么說的；我是在轉述。
So, I'm going to be repetitive here.
所以，我要在這里重復一下。
I'm going to say something I've said many, many times before: read the scoring scheme.
我要說我之前已經說過很多次的事情：閱讀打分標準。
Go do it right now.
現在就去做。
Read the descriptors for band seven.
閱讀七分的描述。
What's the first point?
第一點是什么？
You need to use vocabulary 'with flexibility and precision'.
你需要“靈活精確”地使用詞匯。
Think about that word: 'precision'.
考慮一下“精確”這個詞。
That means you use the right word in the right place to express your idea.
這意味著你在正確的地方使用正確的詞來表達你的想法。
Here's what a lot of students do when they write: One: they think, "Argh! I can't use the same word twice, or I'll get a lower score!" Two: they try to find a 'synonym'.
這是很多學生在寫作的時候會這么做：一：他們會想：“啊！我不能使用相同的單詞兩次，否則我的得分會更低！”二：他們試圖找到一個“同義詞”。
This is a problem, because there are very few true synonyms in English.
這是個問題，因為英語中的同義詞少之又少。
Many words which you might think are synonyms are not exactly the same.
你可能認為很多單詞是同義詞，但是其實并不是完全一樣的。
Three: they use a word which is close to the right meaning, but not exactly right.
第三：他們使用和正確的意思類似的詞匯，但是不完全正確。
Four: they get band six for vocabulary because they aren't using vocabulary with precision.
四：他們的詞匯方面只能拿到六分，因為他們沒有精確地使用詞匯。
I see this all the time when teaching IELTS writing.
我在教授雅思寫作的時候總是會看到這樣。
So, what should you do?
那你該怎么辦呢？
First, read the score scheme again.
首先，再次閱讀評分標準。
It doesn't even mention repetition in the vocabulary band descriptions, except for band four, and I guarantee that 99. 9% of you watching this video would not get band four for vocabulary.
在詞匯得分描述中甚至沒有提到重復這件事，除了四分，我保證99.9%看這個視頻的觀眾詞匯方面并不會只拿四分。
Next, if there's a key idea in the task, accept that you might need to refer to it several times.
接下來，如果任務中有關鍵思想的話，接受你可能需要提到它很多次這件事。
For example, the essay I wrote in our other video was about communication, and many people said that I used the word 'communication' too many times.
例如，我在另一個視頻中寫的文章是關于交流的，很多人說我用“溝通”這個詞太多次了。
But here's the thing: there's no other word which has the same meaning as 'communication'.
但是事情是這樣的：沒有別的與“交流”意思一樣的詞匯了。
If you're writing an essay about communication, you'll need to repeat the word.
如果你要撰寫有關交流的文章，你需要重復使用這個詞。
The same is true for many other things.
其他很多方面也是如此。
If you're writing an essay about air pollution, you'll need to use the words 'air pollution'.
如果你要撰寫有關空氣污染的文章，你需要使用“空氣污染”一詞。
You can't avoid that, and it's not a problem.
你無法避免這種情況，這不是個問題。
Many students here would try to use a different phrase.
很多學生會嘗試使用不同的短語。
For example, instead of 'air pollution', they might say 'smog', 'exhaust fumes', 'impurities in the atmosphere', or something like that.
例如，他們會說“煙霧”、“廢氣”、“大氣中的雜質”之類的東西，而不是“空氣污染”。
But, none of these have the same meaning as 'air pollution'.
但是，這些和“空氣污染”的意思并不是一樣的。
If you change the word, very often, you're changing the meaning.
如果改變了用詞的話，很經常出現的情況是，你會改變意思。
If you don't realise this, then your words won't fit your ideas, and then you get band six maximum for vocabulary.
如果你沒有意識到這一點，那么你的詞匯和你的想法并不匹配，然后你的詞匯方面最多拿到六分。
To be clear, if you're repeating words and phrases a lot, then that is a problem, but probably not a vocabulary problem.
說得再清楚一點，如果你很經常重復詞匯或者是短語的話，那這就是問題了，但這可能不是詞匯問題。
It could be that your ideas are repetitive, or your structure is disorganized, or that you don't know how to use referencing to avoid repetition.
你的想法可能是重復的，或者你的結構是混亂的，或者你不知道如何使用引用來避免重復。
However, these points affect your coherence and cohesion score; they aren't part of your vocabulary score.
但是，這些點會影響的是你的連貫性和一致性得分；它們不是詞匯分數的組成部分。
So, let's review the most important points from this section: First, stop thinking about synonyms.
因此，讓我們回顧一下本節課最重要的觀點：首先，不要去思考同義詞。
Choose the word or phrase which fits your idea most precisely.
選擇和你想法最匹配的單詞或短語。
Second, accept that key words and phrases will need to be repeated to some extent.
其次，接受關鍵詞和短語在某種程度上需要重復的這件事。
It's not a problem to use the same phrase more than once if it's a central part of the task.
使用相同的短語不止一次并不是問題，如果這是任務的中心部分的話。
Let's look at our next point.
讓我們看下一點。
Here are some ideas we often see online, or hear from our IELTS students: "I need more academic vocabulary." "I need more advanced vocabulary." "I need more idiomatic vocabulary." This causes problems.
以下是我們在網上看到或者是經常從我們的雅思學生中聽到的一些想法：“我需要更多的學術詞匯。”“我需要更高級的詞匯。”“我需要更多慣用語。”這會導致問題。
First, and I've said this so many times that I'm boring myself, but it's crucial so I'll say it again: read the scoring scheme.
首先，我已經說了很多遍了，甚至我自己都覺得很沒意思了，但這很關鍵，所以我再說一遍：閱讀評分方案。
Does it talk about 'academic vocabulary'?
它有提到“學術詞匯”嗎？
No.
沒有。
Does it talk about 'advanced vocabulary'?
它有說“高級詞匯”嗎？
No.
沒有。
Why not?
為什么沒有呢？
Because those things don't exist.
因為那些東西并不存在。
Serious linguists don't talk about 'advanced vocabulary', because it isn't real.
嚴格的語言學家不會談論“高級詞匯”，因為這并不是真的。
Words are just words.
詞匯只是詞匯罷了。
They have meanings, and you use them to express your ideas.
它們具有含義，你可以用它們來表達自己的觀點。
That's it.
就是這樣。
One word is like another word.
一個詞就像另一個詞。
It's not complicated.
并不復雜。
So, what's the point here?
所以這里的關鍵是什么呢？
Many IELTS students use specific words or phrases because they think that they're 'academic' or 'advanced', and they think that this will get a higher score.
許多雅思考試學生會使用特定的單詞或短語，因為他們覺得這些短語是“學術”或“高級”，他們覺得他們會得到更高的分數。
However, if you do this, you're putting words before ideas, and that means you aren't using your vocabulary precisely, and that means it's very difficult to get band seven.
但是，如果你這樣做，你把詞匯放在觀點之前，那意味著沒有精準地使用詞匯，也就意味著你很難拿到七分。
You do need to use some less common vocabulary to get band seven or higher, but you also need to use it well.
你確實需要使用一些不太常用的詞匯來得到七分或者更高的分數，但你也需要很好地使用它。
Learning a word or phrase won't help unless you really understand how to use it.
除非你真的理解了如此使用一個單詞或者是短語，否則就是沒用的。
You need to understand exactly what a word or phrase means.
你需要確切地了解一個詞或短語的意思。
You need to know how to use collocations with the vocabulary you learn.
你需要知道如何使用你學習的詞匯的固定搭配。
For example, if you're writing a task two essay about diet, you'll need to know several collocations with the word 'diet'.
例如，如果你在寫任務二的一個關于飲食的文章的話，你需要了解一些和“飲食”有關的搭配。
You also need control of register.
你也需要控制你的語境。
To get a high score for vocabulary, you need to write in a consistent, appropriate style.
要獲得詞匯高分，你需要以一致、適當的風格進行寫作。
In general, IELTS students focus too much on learning new words and phrases, and not enough on using the words and phrases they know accurately.
總的來說，雅思考試的學生把太多的關注點放在了學習新單詞和短語，而不是使用那些他們準確地了解的詞匯或短語。
We'll talk about how you can work on this in the last section, but before that, we have one more important point to cover.
在最后一部分中，我們將要討論你該如何在這方面努力，但在此之前，我們還有非常重要的一點要說。
One of the biggest differences between band six and band seven in the IELTS writing exam is the quantity of errors you can make.
雅思寫作考試六分和七分之間最大的區別之一是是你可以犯的錯誤的數量。
At band six, you can make quite a lot of mistakes, so long as your meaning is clear.
在六分的水平，你可以犯很多錯誤，只要你的意思清楚就行。
For band seven, you can make 'occasional errors'.
而在七分的水平，你只能偶爾犯錯。
For band eight, you can make 'rare errors'.
而到了八分，你很少犯錯。
This is one of the major points which keeps IELTS students at band six.
這是讓很多雅思學生停留在六分的主要原因之一。
So, let's think: what counts as a vocabulary error?
所以，讓我們思考一下：什么才是詞匯錯誤？
There are four possibilities: 1. You use the wrong word or phrase.
有四種可能性：1、你使用了錯誤的單詞或短語。
2. You use an incorrect collocation.
2、您使用了不正確的搭配。
For example, if you're writing a task two essay about healthy eating and diet, and you say, 'take a diet', that would be a collocation error.
例如，如果你在寫關于健康飲食的任務二，你說 take a diet，這就是一個搭配錯誤。
You can 'follow a diet,' 'eat a healthy diet', 'have a good diet', and many others, but 'take a diet' isn't possible.
你可以說：“遵照食譜”、“健康飲食”、“良好飲食”，還有很多其他的，但是 take a diet 是不行的。
3. You spell a word incorrectly.
3. 你犯了拼寫錯誤。
4. You form a word incorrectly.
4. 你的詞匯形式不正確。
For example, if you want to make a noun from the word 'overweight' and you write 'overweightness', that would be a word formation error.
比如說，如果你想用“超重”一詞的名詞形式，然后你寫成了“overweightness”， 那就是一個構詞錯誤。
There's no noun from the word 'overweight', by the way; you need to use a phrase with a gerund, like 'being overweight'.
順便說一句，“超重”一詞沒有名詞，你需要使用動名詞短語形式，比如說：“是超重的”。
So, how can you reduce the number of errors you make?
因此，如何減少你犯的錯誤數量呢？
Here, you probably need feedback from a professional teacher.
模擬可能需要專業老師的反饋。
If you make multiple mistakes, then you won't be aware of a lot of the mistakes you're making.
如果你犯的錯誤很多的話，那么你不會意識到你犯的很多錯誤。
Write essays or task one answers and look at the mistakes you make.
撰寫一篇文章或者任務一答案的時候，看看你犯的錯誤。
Sort your errors into these four types: choice of words, collocation, spelling or word formation.
將錯誤分為以下四種類型：詞匯選擇、搭配、拼寫或構詞。
If you're making mistakes with one thing, for example, with spelling, do some study to find out why you're making these mistakes and try to correct them.
如果你在一個方面犯了錯誤，比如說拼寫，那就試著去研究一下為什么會犯這些錯誤，以及如何去改正它們。
Then, review your errors using a flashcard app like Anki.
然后，使用閃卡程序比如說 Anki 來回顧你的錯誤。
This is a long process and you need patience; it will take a lot of work to reduce your errors.
這是一個漫長的過程，你需要耐心；減少你的錯誤將需要很多的努力。
However, if you want band seven or higher, it's necessary.
但是，如果你希望拿到七分或者是以上的話，這是必須的。
Make flashcard questions with your errors, and put the correct word or phrase as the answer.
用你的錯誤作為閃卡問題，然后把正確的詞匯或短語作為答案。
For example: Question: overweightness Answer: being overweight Even better, make flashcards with full sentences from your writing, like this: Question: Overweightness is a major risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke.
例如：問題：overweightness答案: being overweight更好的是，用你的寫作中完整的句子來制作閃卡，比如說：問題：超重是很多疾病的主要危險因素，包括心血管疾病和中風。
Answer: Being overweight is a major risk factor for many diseases, including cardiovascular disease and stroke.
答案：超重是很多疾病的主要危險因素，包括心血管疾病和中風。
Okay, now let's put all of this together and make a plan for you to improve your IELTS writing vocabulary score.
好的，現在讓我們將所有這些放在一起，并為你制定計劃，來提高你的雅思寫作詞匯分數。
Learning vocabulary for IELTS is just learning vocabulary.
學習雅思詞匯只是在學習詞匯而已。
You need to do the same things you would do to improve your English vocabulary generally.
你需要做與做和一般地提升你的詞匯水平的時候相同的事情。
That means: One: read regularly and widely.
這意味著：一：定期廣泛閱讀。
Read as much as you can, read things from different topics, written by different people, from different sources.
盡可能多地閱讀，閱讀不同的主題、由不同的人寫的，來自于不同來源的內容。
Two: learn vocabulary in phrases, collocations and sentences.
二：在詞組、搭配和句子中學習詞匯。
Learning a word in context is always more effective than trying to learn individual words.
在上下文中學習單詞總是比單個地學習更加有效的。
For the IELTS writing exam, you also need to write regularly.
對于雅思考試而言，你還需要定期寫作。
You need to write practice answers and, ideally, get feedback from a professional teacher.
你需要寫練習答案，理想情況下，獲得專業老師的反饋。
Finally, you need to track and review your vocabulary errors, as we said in the last section.
最后，你需要跟蹤并查看你的詞匯錯誤，正如我們在最后一節所說的那樣。
There's one important point about improving your vocabulary we haven't mentioned.
有一點關于提升詞匯的我們沒有提到。
You need time.
你需要時間。
You need lots of time.
你需要很多時間。
The average learner cannot change these things in a few weeks, and even in 2-3 months you can't make a big difference.
一般的學習者無法在短短幾周就改變這些事情，甚至2-3個月內可能也沒有什么很大的改變。
Don't waste your time learning lists of 'essential IELTS words' or 'advanced IELTS vocabulary'.
不要浪費時間來學習“關鍵雅思詞匯”或者是“高級雅思詞匯”清單。
You won't get a higher score by using a word or phrase that you memorised and don't know how to use.
使用你死記硬背但是不知道如何使用的單詞并不會讓你獲得更高的分數。
If you're around band 5. 5 to 6. 5 and you need a score of seven or above, you need to do these things consistently over a long period of time to improve.
如果你的分數介于5.5至6.5之間，但你需要七分或以上，你需要長期堅持地做這些事情來進行提升。
You need to read, write, get feedback and review your errors, and you need to keep doing these things for months and months and months.
你需要閱讀、寫作、獲取反饋并回顧你的錯誤，你需要持續做數月。
That's how you get better.
這樣你才能變得更好。
Anyway, good luck if you have an IELTS exam coming up soon, and thanks for watching!
總而言之，如果你馬上要參加雅思考試的話，祝你好遠，感謝觀看！
